Cybersecurity
Penetration testing or vulnerability scanning: what’s the difference?
Both look for weaknesses in your systems, but they work in different ways and answer different questions. Most businesses need both, at different intervals.
By the CNS team · · 4 min read
Key takeaways
- A vulnerability scan is automated and checks for known weaknesses. Run it often.
- A penetration test is carried out by a person who tries to break in, as an attacker would. Run it at least once a year.
- Test again after major changes, such as a new system or office.
- A good report ranks findings by risk and explains how to fix them.
Vulnerability scanning
A vulnerability scan uses software to check your computers, servers, firewalls and websites for known weaknesses, such as missing updates, outdated software or risky settings. It’s quick and can run every week or every month.
A scan tells you what might be exploitable. It doesn’t show whether an attacker could actually use those weaknesses, or how far they could get.
Penetration testing
In a penetration test, a qualified tester tries to break in the way a real attacker would, within limits you agree in advance. They combine weaknesses, test your defences and show what an attacker could reach, such as email, client files or finance systems.
Tests can target your internet-facing systems, your internal network, your Wi-Fi or a web application. Some also test staff, for example with phishing.
Which do you need?
Most businesses need both. Regular scanning catches new weaknesses as they appear. A penetration test, at least once a year and after any major change, checks how your defences hold up against a determined attacker.
Regulated firms in Cayman are expected to test their security controls regularly, and many insurers now ask about testing too. Keep the reports, because they’re evidence that you’re managing the risk.
What a good report includes
- A plain-language summary for management.
- Each finding ranked by risk, with evidence of how it was found.
- Clear steps to fix each issue, in priority order.
- A retest once fixes are in place, to confirm they worked.
Preparing for a test
- Agree the scope: which systems, addresses and applications are in and out.
- Give written permission, signed by someone with authority for the systems.
- Pick the timing and tell the people who need to know.
- Check your backups before the test starts.
How CNS can help
Our security team carries out vulnerability scanning, penetration testing and control testing for Cayman businesses and regulated firms, reports in language your board can act on, and can fix what we find.
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